International Mathematical Olympiad 1962

Find the smallest natural number $n$ which has the following properties:

(a) Its decimal representation has 6 as the last digit.

(b) If the last digit 6 is erased and placed in front of the remaining digits, the resulting number is four times as large as the original number $n$.

Determine all real numbers $x$ which satisfy the inequality: $$\sqrt{3-x}-\sqrt{x+1}>\frac{1}{2}.$$

Consider the cube $ABCDA'B'C'D'$ ($ABCD$ and $A'B'C'D'$ are the upper and lower bases, respectively, and edges $AA',BB',CC',DD'$ are parallel). The point $X$ moves at constant speed along the perimeter of the square $ABCD$ in the direction $ABCDA$, and the point $Y$ moves at the same rate along the perimeter of the square $B'C'CB$ in the direction $B'C'CBB'$. Points $X$ and $Y$ begin their motion at the same instant from the starting positions $A$ and $B'$, respectively. Determine and draw the locus of the midpoints of the segments $XY$.

Solve the equation $\cos^2 x + \cos^2 2x + \cos^2 3x = 1$.

On the circle $K$ there are given three distinct points $A,B,C.$ Construct (using only straightedge and compasses) a fourth point $D$ on $K$ such that a circle can be inscribed in the quadrilateral thus obtained.

Consider an isosceles triangle. Let $r$ be the radius of its circumscribed circle and $\rho$ the radius of its inscribed circle. Prove that the distance $d$ between the centers of these two circles is $$d = \sqrt{r(r-2\rho)}.$$

The tetrahedron $SABC$ has the following property: there exist five spheres, each tangent to the edges $SA,SB,SC,BC,CA,AB$, or to their extensions.

(a) Prove that the tetrahedron $SABC$ is regular.

(b) Prove conversely that for every regular tetrahedron five such spheres exist.