International Mathematical Olympiad 1978

$m$ and $n$ are natural numbers with $1 \leq m < n$. In their decimal representations, the last three digits of $1978^m$ are equal, respectively, to the last three digits of $1978^n$. Find $m$ and $n$ such that $m + n$ has its least value.

$P$ is a given point inside a given sphere. Three mutually perpendicular rays from $P$ intersect the sphere at points $U, V$, and $W$; $Q$ denotes the vertex diagonally opposite to $P$ in the parallelepiped determined by $PU$, $PV$, and $PW$. Find the locus of $Q$ for all such triads of rays from $P$.

The set of all positive integers is the union of two disjoint subsets $\{f(1), f(2), \ldots, f(n), \ldots\}$, $\{g(1), g(2), \ldots, g(n), \ldots\}$, where

$$f(1) < f(2) < \cdots < f(n) < \cdots,$$ $$g(1) < g(2) < \cdots < g(n) < \cdots,$$

and

$$g(n) = f(f(n)) + 1 \text{ for all } n \geq 1.$$

Determine $f(240)$.

In triangle $ABC$, $AB = AC$. A circle is tangent internally to the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ and also to sides $AB$, $AC$ at $P$, $Q$, respectively. Prove that the midpoint of segment $PQ$ is the center of the incircle of triangle $ABC$.

Let $\{a_k\}$ $(k = 1, 2, 3, \ldots, n, \ldots)$ be a sequence of distinct positive integers. Prove that for all natural numbers $n$,

$$\sum_{k=1}^n \frac{a_k}{k^2} \geq \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k}.$$

An international society has its members from six different countries. The list of members contains 1978 names, numbered $1, 2, \ldots, 1978$. Prove that there is at least one member whose number is the sum of the numbers of two members from his own country, or twice as large as the number of one member from his own country.