Middle European Mathematical Olympiad 2021 Problem T-3
Let , and be positive integers. A group of pirates wants to fairly split their treasure. The treasure consists of identical coins distributed over bags, of which at least bags are initially empty. Captain Jack inspects the contents of each bag and then performs a sequence of moves. In one move, he can take any number of coins from a single bag and put them into one empty bag. Prove that no matter how the coins are initially distributed, Jack can perform at most moves and then split the bags among the pirates such that each pirate gets bags and coins.