Polygon

56 results

Croatian Mathematical Olympiad 2010 Problem 2-2

U svakom vrhu pravilnog nn-terokuta A1A2AnA_1A_2\ldots A_n nalazi se određeni broj novčića: u vrhu AkA_k nalazi se točno kk novčića, za svaki k=1,2,,nk = 1, 2, \ldots, n. U svakom koraku radimo sljedeću transformaciju: odabiremo dva novčića (ne nužno iz istog vrha) i prebacujemo svakog od njih u susjedni vrh, tako da jednog pomičemo u smjeru kretanja kazaljke na satu, a drugog u smjeru suprotnom od smjera kretanja kazaljke na satu.

Odredi za koje brojeve nn je moguće postići da nakon konačnog broja koraka za svaki k=1,2,,nk = 1, 2, \ldots, n u vrhu AkA_k bude točno n+1kn + 1 - k novčića.

Croatian Mathematical Olympiad 2012 Problem 1-2

Svakom vrhu pravilnog mnogokuta pridružen je jedan od brojeva 00 ili 11. Koristeći dijagonale koje se međusobno ne sijeku osim u vrhovima, Rudi dijeli mnogokut na trokute, a zatim u svaki trokut upisuje zbroj brojeva pridruženih njegovim vrhovima. Dokaži da Rudi može odabrati dijagonale kojima će podijeliti mnogokut tako da se najveći i najmanji od brojeva upisanih u dobivene trokute razlikuju za najviše 11.

Croatian Mathematical Olympiad 2014 Problem 1-2

Dan je prirodni broj M3M \geqslant 3. Kažemo da je pravilni mnogokut sjajno obojan ako su sve njegove stranice i dijagonale obojane u točno MM boja tako da ne postoje tri vrha tog mnogokuta koja određuju trokut čije su stranice obojane u točno dvije boje.

Neka je NN najveći prirodni broj takav da postoji sjajno obojani pravilni mnogokut s točno NN vrhova.

a) Dokaži da je N(M1)2N \leqslant (M - 1)^2.

b) Ako je M1M - 1 prosti broj, dokaži da postoji sjajno obojani pravilni mnogokut s točno (M1)2(M - 1)^2 vrhova.

Croatian Mathematical Olympiad 2023 Problem 1-3

Zadan je konveksan šesterokut ABCDEFABCDEF kojemu su sveke dvije nasuprotne stranice međusobno različitih duljina i paralelne (ABDEAB \parallel DE, BCEFBC \parallel EF i CDFACD \parallel FA). Ako je AE=BD|AE| = |BD| i BF=CE|BF| = |CE|, dokaži da se šesterokutu ABCDEFABCDEF može opisati kružnica.

International Mathematical Olympiad 1979 Problem 6

Let AA and EE be opposite vertices of a regular octagon. A frog starts jumping at vertex AA. From any vertex of the octagon except E,E, it may jump to either of the two adjacent vertices. When it reaches vertex E,E, the frog stops and stays there. Let ana_n be the number of distinct paths of exactly nn jumps ending at E.E. Prove that a2n1=0,a_{2n-1}=0,

a2n=12(xn1yn1),n=1,2,3,,a_{2n}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(x^{n-1}-y^{n-1}),\quad n=1,2,3,\cdots,

where x=2+2x=2+\sqrt{2} and y=22.y=2-\sqrt{2}.

Note. A path of nn jumps is a sequence of vertices (P0,,Pn)(P_0,\ldots,P_n) such that

(i) P0=A,Pn=E;P_0=A, P_n=E;

(ii) for every i,0in1,Pii, 0\leq i\leq n-1, P_i is distinct from E;E;

(iii) for every i,0in1,Pii, 0\leq i\leq n-1, P_i and Pi+1P_{i+1} are adjacent.

International Mathematical Olympiad 1984 Problem 5

Let dd be the sum of the lengths of all the diagonals of a plane convex polygon with nn vertices (n>3)(n > 3), and let pp be its perimeter. Prove that

n3<2dp<n2n+122,n - 3 < \frac{2d}{p} < \left\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\right\rfloor\left\lfloor\frac{n+1}{2}\right\rfloor - 2,

where x\lfloor x \rfloor denotes the greatest integer not exceeding xx.

International Mathematical Olympiad 1986 Problem 3

To each vertex of a regular pentagon an integer is assigned in such a way that the sum of all five numbers is positive. If three consecutive vertices are assigned the numbers x,y,zx, y, z respectively and y<0y < 0 then the following operation is allowed: the numbers x,y,zx, y, z are replaced by x+y,y,z+yx + y, -y, z + y respectively. Such an operation is performed repeatedly as long as at least one of the five numbers is negative. Determine whether this procedure necessarily comes to and end after a finite number of steps.

International Mathematical Olympiad 1986 Problem 4

Let AA, BB be adjacent vertices of a regular nn-gon (n5n \geq 5) in the plane having center at OO. A triangle XYZXYZ, which is congruent to and initially coincides with OABOAB, moves in the plane in such a way that YY and ZZ each trace out the whole boundary of the polygon, XX remaining inside the polygon. Find the locus of XX.

International Mathematical Olympiad 1995 Problem 5

Let ABCDEFABCDEF be a convex hexagon with AB=BC=CDAB = BC = CD and DE=EF=FADE = EF = FA, such that BCD=EFA=π/3\angle BCD = \angle EFA = \pi/3. Suppose GG and HH are points in the interior of the hexagon such that AGB=DHE=2π/3\angle AGB = \angle DHE = 2\pi/3. Prove that AG+GB+GH+DH+HECFAG + GB + GH + DH + HE \geq CF.

International Mathematical Olympiad 1996 Problem 5

Let ABCDEFABCDEF be a convex hexagon such that ABAB is parallel to DEDE, BCBC is parallel to EFEF, and CDCD is parallel to FAFA. Let RA,RC,RER_A, R_C, R_E denote the circumradii of triangles FAB,BCD,DEFFAB, BCD, DEF, respectively, and let PP denote the perimeter of the hexagon. Prove that

RA+RC+REP2.R_A + R_C + R_E \geq \frac{P}{2}.

International Mathematical Olympiad 2006 Problem 2

Let PP be a regular 2006-gon. A diagonal of PP is called good if its endpoints divide the boundary of PP into two parts, each composed of an odd number of sides of PP. The sides of PP are also called good.

Suppose PP has been dissected into triangles by 2003 diagonals, no two of which have a common point in the interior of PP. Find the maximum number of isosceles triangles having two good sides that could appear in such a configuration.

International Mathematical Olympiad 2016 Problem 3

Let P=A1A2AkP = A_1A_2\ldots A_k be a convex polygon in the plane. The vertices A1,A2,,AkA_1, A_2, \ldots, A_k have integral coordinates and lie on a circle. Let SS be the area of PP. An odd positive integer nn is given such that the squares of the side lengths of PP are integers divisible by nn. Prove that 2S2S is an integer divisible by nn.

Middle European Mathematical Olympiad 2009 Problem I-2

Suppose that we have n3n \geqslant 3 distinct colours. Let f(n)f(n) be the greatest integer with the property that every side and every diagonal of a convex polygon with f(n)f(n) vertices can be coloured with one of nn colours in the following way:

  • at least two distinct colours are used, and

  • any three vertices of the polygon determine either three segments of the same colour or of three different colours.

Show that f(n)(n1)2f(n) \leqslant (n - 1)^2 with equality for infinitely many values of nn.

Middle European Mathematical Olympiad 2010 Problem T-3

In each vertex of a regular nn-gon there is a fortress. At the same moment each fortress shoots at one of the two nearest fortresses and hits it. The result of the shooting is the set of the hit fortresses; we do not distinguish whether a fortress was hit once or twice. Let P(n)P(n) be the number of possible results of the shooting. Prove that for every positive integer k3k \geq 3, P(k)P(k) and P(k+1)P(k + 1) are relatively prime.

Middle European Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Problem I-2

Let n3n \geq 3 be an integer. An inner diagonal of a simple nn-gon is a diagonal that is contained in the nn-gon. Denote by D(P)D(P) the number of all inner diagonals of a simple nn-gon PP and by D(n)D(n) the least possible value of D(Q)D(Q), where QQ is a simple nn-gon. Prove that no two inner diagonals of PP intersect (except possibly at a common endpoint) if and only if D(P)=D(n)D(P) = D(n).

Remark: A simple nn-gon is a non-self-intersecting polygon with nn vertices. A polygon is not necessarily convex.

Middle European Mathematical Olympiad 2019 Problem I-2

Let n3n \geq 3 be an integer. We say that a vertex AiA_i (1in1 \leq i \leq n) of a convex polygon A1A2AnA_1A_2\ldots A_n is Bohemian if its reflection with respect to the midpoint of the segment Ai1Ai+1A_{i-1}A_{i+1} (with A0=AnA_0 = A_n and An+1=A1A_{n+1} = A_1) lies inside or on the boundary of the polygon A1A2AnA_1A_2\ldots A_n. Determine the smallest possible number of Bohemian vertices a convex nn-gon can have (depending on nn).

(A convex polygon A1A2AnA_1A_2\ldots A_n has nn vertices with all inner angles smaller than 180°180°.)

Middle European Mathematical Olympiad 2021 Problem I-4

Let n3n \geqslant 3 be an integer. Zagi the squirrel sits at a vertex of a regular nn-gon. Zagi plans to make a journey of n1n - 1 jumps such that in the ii-th jump, it jumps by ii edges clockwise, for i{1,,n1}i \in \{1, \ldots, n - 1\}. Prove that if after n2\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil jumps Zagi has visited n2+1\lceil \frac{n}{2} \rceil + 1 distinct vertices, then after n1n - 1 jumps Zagi will have visited all of the vertices.

(Remark. For a real number xx, we denote by x\lceil x \rceil the smallest integer larger or equal to xx.)

Middle European Mathematical Olympiad 2024 Problem I-2

There is a sheet of paper (like this one) on an infinite blackboard. Marvin secretly chooses a convex 2024-gon PP that lies fully on the piece of paper. Tigerin wants to find the vertices of PP. In each step, Tigerin can draw a line gg on the blackboard that is fully outside the piece of paper, then Marvin replies with the line hh parallel to gg that is the closest to gg which passes through at least one vertex of PP. Prove that there exists a positive integer nn such that Tigerin can always determine the vertices of PP in at most nn steps.

Grade 9 1996 Problem 3

Zadan je konveksan peterokut ABCDEABCDE. Neka su MM, NN, PP, QQ redom polovišta stranica AB\overline{AB}, BC\overline{BC}, CD\overline{CD}, DE\overline{DE} te neka su RR i SS polovišta dužina MP\overline{MP} i QN\overline{QN}. Pokažite da je SR=14AE.|SR| = \frac{1}{4} |AE|.

Grade 9 2010 Problem 1

U šesterokutu ABCDEFABCDEF vrijedi ABBC,ACCD,ADDE,AEEF.AB \perp BC, \quad AC \perp CD, \quad AD \perp DE, \quad AE \perp EF.

Ako su duljine stranica tog šesterokuta prirodni brojevi, dokaži da ne mogu svi biti neparni.

Grade 9 2011 Problem 2

Izvan pravilnog mnogokuta A1A2AnA_1A_2\ldots A_n nalazi se točka BB takva da je trokut A1A2BA_1A_2B jednakostraničan. Odredi sve nn za koje su točke BB, A2A_2 i A3A_3 uzastopni vrhovi nekog pravilnog mnogokuta.

Grade 9 2013 Problem 4

Dan je šesterokut ABCDEFABCDEF čije se dijagonale AD\overline{AD}, BE\overline{BE} i CF\overline{CF} sijeku u jednoj točki koja je ujedno polovište svake od tih dijagonala.

Dokaži da je površina danog šesterokuta dvostruko veća od površine trokuta ACEACE.

Grade 9 2022 Problem 5

Dan je konveksan mnogokut s 2022 vrha kojem se nikoje tri dijagonale ne sijeku u istoj točki. Potrebno je obojiti neke dijagonale crveno tako da iz svakog vrha izlazi barem jedna crvena dijagonala.

Koliko je najmanji mogući broj sjecišta (u vrhu ili unutrašnjosti) crvenih dijagonala?

Grade 9 2023 Problem 6

Neka je ABCDEABCDE konveksan peterokut kojemu su sve stranice sukladne, a kutovi pri vrhovima CC i DD pravi. Ako je PP sjecište dužina AC\overline{AC} i BD\overline{BD}, dokaži da je PA=PD|PA| = |PD|.

Grade 10 1997 Problem 1

Neka je ABCDEFABCDEF pravilni šesterokut sa središtem OO. Neka su MM i NN polovišta stranica CD\overline{CD} i DE\overline{DE}, a LL točka presjeka pravaca AMAM i BNBN. Dokažite:

(a) P(ABL)=P(DMLN)P(ABL) = P(DMLN);

(b) ALD=OLN=60\measuredangle ALD = \measuredangle OLN = 60^\circ;

(c) OLD=90\measuredangle OLD = 90^\circ.

Grade 10 2001 Problem 4

Neka je PP poligon u koordinatnom sustavu u ravnini čija je površina veća od 11. Dokažite da postoje dvije različite točke (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1) i (x2,y2)(x_2, y_2) poligona PP takve da su x1x2x_1 - x_2 i y1y2y_1 - y_2 cijeli brojevi.

Grade 10 2004 Problem 1

Pojedini dijelovi pravilnog peterokuta ABCDEABCDE imaju površine označene sa xx, yy, zz kao na slici. Ako je zadana površina xx, nadite površine yy i zz, te površinu cijelog peterokuta.

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Grade 10 2023 Problem 3

Manda je, za odabrani prirodni broj n>3n > 3, izradila sve stranice i sve dijagonale pravilnog nn-terokuta od tankog pruća. Zatim je Ivan tih 12n(n1)\frac{1}{2}n(n - 1) štapova podijelio u grupe po tri štapa tako da se od svake grupe može napraviti trokut.

Za koje je brojeve nn to moguće?

Grade 10 2021 Problem 5

Neka je nn prirodni broj. Ako pravilan nn-terokut podijelimo na n2n-2 trokuta povlačenjem n3n-3 dijagonala koje nemaju zajedničkih unutarnjih točaka kažemo da smo dobili triangulaciju. Triangulacija nn-terokuta kojem su neki od vrhova crveni je dobra ako svaki od tih n2n-2 trokuta ima barem dva crvena vrha.

Odredi najmanji prirodni broj kk, u ovisnosti o nn, takav da možemo obojiti kk vrhova pravilnog nn-terokuta crveno tako da postoji barem jedna dobra triangulacija.

Grade 10 2022 Problem 4

Svi vrhovi šesterokuta ABCDEFABCDEF leže na kružnici promjera AD\overline{AD}. Pravac BFBF siječe pravce ADAD i CECE redom u točkama GG i HH. Ako je FEH=56°\measuredangle FEH = 56°, DGB=124°\measuredangle DGB = 124° i DEC=34°\measuredangle DEC = 34°, odredi CEB\measuredangle CEB.

Grade 11 2005 Problem 4

Pravilni poligon s 20052005 stranica ima vrhove obojane crvenom, bijelom i plavom bojom. "Dozvoljenim bojanjem" zovemo bojanje u kojem dva susjedna vrha, koja su obojana različitim bojama, obojimo trećom bojom.

a) Dokažite da postoji konačan niz "dozvoljenih bojanja" nakon kojeg su svi vrhovi poligona iste boje.

b) Je li ta boja jednoznačno određena početnim rasporedom boja vrhova?

Grade 11 2017 Problem 5

Neka je CC prirodni broj manji od 2017. Točno CC vrhova pravilnog 2017-erokuta je crveno, a svi ostali vrhovi su plavi. Dokaži da broj jednakokračnih trokuta čija su sva tri vrha iste boje ne ovisi o rasporedu crvenih i plavih vrhova.

Grade 11 2020 Problem 5

Baza piramide je pravilni nn-terokut. Svaka stranica baze obojena je crnom bojom, dok su svaka dijagonala baze i svaki pobočni brid piramide obojeni ili crvenom ili plavom bojom. Odredi najmanji prirodni broj n4n \geqslant 4 za koji nužno postoji trokut čiji vrhovi su vrhovi piramide i kojemu su sve tri stranice jednake boje.